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Obesity is a metabolic disorder in which an individual accumulates a huge amount of fat in the body. Obesity isn’t just a concern because of beauty purposes, but mostly for its health implications. Obese people have a high risk of developing a large number of medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, cancer, depression, arthritis and so on. An individual is regarded as having obesity when his/her body mass index is over 30kg/m2.

  • The normal body mass index is between 18.5 and 25kg/m2
  • People between 25-30kg/m2 are regarded as overweight.
  • 25 to 29.9 means you’re overweight
  • 30 to 39.9 means you’re obese
  • 40 or above means you’re severely obese

Obesity mostly occurs as a result of a combination of various factors. Examples of such factors include the excessive consumption of food, living a sedentary lifestyle, genetics and so on. Genetics is also a significant factor in the development of obesity. People with a family history of obesity have a high risk of also developing the disease. Other conditions that contribute to obesity include medications, endocrine disorders and so on. Obesity can be prevented by changing lifestyle and diet. Exercising regularly and eating healthy foods, and those low in carbohydrate are important in losing weight. Consuming foods rich in fibers and healthy fat are also a good way of preventing obesity. Medications have also proved useful in the treatment of the disease. These drugs can help to reduce appetite, and also reduce the body absorption of fat. In case, diet and exercise don’t work. Physicians might recommend some special procedure. Surgery can be done to reduce the volume of the stomach. This works by making the individual feel fuller, even by eating a little amount of food. There is a number of stem cells that are capable of regenerating and replacing the entire bone marrow. These stem cells can replace the blood cells and also the immune system. Introducing the stem cells into the body helps obese patients lose weight naturally.

What Are the Causes of Obesity?

Consuming a lot of calories, more than you burn, and not getting involved in any physical activity for a long time leads to obesity. These calories accumulate and will cause weight gain. Below are some of the common causes of obesity;

  • Consuming foods that are rich in calories. Such food includes carbohydrate and unhealthy fatty foods. Eating junks and fast foods are good examples of unhealthy foods.
  • Living a sedentary life: People who eat foods rich in calories, and not exercising have a high risk of gaining lots of weight and becoming obese.
  • Genetics: People with a family history of obesity, have a high risk of becoming obese unless they take actions to prevent it. Some of the things they can do include exercising regularly and keeping a healthy diet.
  • Old age: People have a tendency to accumulate weight as they grow older. This is because the metabolic rate slows down as one age. This makes it easy to gain weight.
  • Pregnancy: Pregnancy causes women to accumulate a lot of weight. Pregnancy weight is usually difficult to shed off unless deliberate actions are taken. Examples of this include exercising frequently and keeping a healthy diet.

There are some diseases that lead to a significant accumulation of weight. Below are some examples;

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a condition in which there is an imbalance in the hormonal level of a woman. Persons affected with this disease do present with symptoms such as irregular menstrual period, development of cyst in the ovaries, hirsutism,

Excessive weight gain that might eventually lead to obesity, infertility and so on.

  • Prader-Willi syndrome: This is a congenital genetic disease in which a child has a consistent case of excessive hunger. Persons born with this disorder eventually become Patients also present with weak muscles and a slow physical development. They also look have small feet and hands, short height, and are usually light skinned. This congenital disease occurs as a result of the deletion of the paternal side of chromosome 15.
  • Cushing’s disease: Cushing’s disease is a condition in which the pituitary gland secretes an excess amount of adrenocorticotrophic hormone. This disease occurs due to the growth of a tumor or the hyperplasia of the pituitary gland. One of the symptoms of this disease is excessive weight gain.
  • Hypothyroidism: This is a condition in which the patient’s thyroid gland produces a low amount of thyroid hormone. Weight gain is one of the symptoms of this disease. Other symptoms include a low metabolic rate, cold intolerance and so on.

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What Are the Risk Factors of Obesity?

There are some factors that contribute to the development of obesity. Some of these factors include the following;

  1. Genetics: Some people have genes that affect the way their body absorbs fat. People with this kind of genes have a high risk of developing obesity.
  2. Lifestyle: People who live sedentary lifestyles have a high risk of developing obesity.
  3. Diet: People that consume unhealthy foods are prone to developing obesity.

What Are the Complications of Obesity?

Obesity is a disease that can lead to various complications. Some of them include the following;

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hypertension
  • Cardiovascular diseases
  • Stroke
  • Infertility
  • Depression
  • Low self-esteem
  • Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Erectile dysfunction

How Is Obesity Treated?

The main goal of the treatment of obesity is for the patient to have a maintain a normal and healthy weight. This can achieve through several means. Some of them include the following;

  • Changes in diet: Patients are to cut down in their food portions. But most importantly, they are to reduce their fat and carbohydrate intake
  • Exercise: This is one of the ways of achieving a normal
  • Medications:
  • Surgery

 

How Stem Cell Therapy can be used to treat Obesity

There is a number of stem cells that are capable of regenerating and replacing the entire bone marrow. These stem cells can replace the blood cells and also the immune system. Introducing the stem cells into the body helps obese patients lose weight naturally

References

Kyle, T. and Puhl, R. (2014). Putting people first in obesity. Obesity, 22(5), pp.1211-1211.

Ma, S., Wong, W. and Wang, D. (2017). Obesity reshapes stem cell-extracellular vesicles — cytometry Part A.

Obesity as a Disease: The Obesity Society Council Resolution. (2008). Obesity, 16(6), pp.1151-1151.

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