Doctors near me doing stem cell injectionsPaget’s disease of the bone is a chronic disease in which new bone tissues are abnormally developed to replace the old ones. There are bone cells called osteoclasts which absorb old bone cells after they are worn out. These osteoclasts become too active in Paget’s disease and start absorbing bone cells too frequently. Some other specialized cells called osteoblasts help to produce new bone cells. These osteoblasts then produce more new bone cells too frequently to try and compensate for the ones being absorbed. The new bone cells are usually larger, weaker and more immature.  As this progresses, the bone usually becomes fragile and prone to all types of injuries, such as fracture, arthritis and so on. Essentially, the bones are remodeled through this process. The cause of this disease is not known, however, research and studies have indicated that genetics and some other acquired factors could be the reason for the development of this disease. Paget’s disease usually affects one or more than one bone in the body. Some bones affected are the femur, vertebrae bones, and the pelvic bones. The disease does not affect the full skeletons of the body and does not move from one bone to another. The treatment of this disease usually varies in people. This is because it presents in people with different symptoms. Drug therapy does treat the disease successfully, especially when medications are started before complications set in. It’s more predominant in old adults, and in people above the age of fifty-five. It’s also more common in the male gender than in women. Doctors can buy stem cells online for the treatment of this disease.

 

Types of Paget’s Disease

In addition to Paget’s disease of bone, there are several other types of Paget’s disease.

These include:

  • Paget’s disease of the breast or nipple – a rare type of breast cancer
  • Paget’s disease of the penis – a rare type of penile cancer
  • Paget’s disease of the vulva – a rare type of vulval cancer

The general term “Paget’s disease” is sometimes used to refer to Paget’s disease of bone.

 

 Signs And Symptoms Of Paget’s Disease?

Many people suffering from this condition do not present with any symptom. The most common symptom of this disease is bone pain or deformity. This is due to the rate at which the body develops new bone tissues. Bone tissues are developed faster than usual, which leads to a reduction of the quality of bones made. Below are some of the general symptoms of this disease:

  1. Bone pain which is usually dull and constant.
  2. Bone Deformity due to the weakness
  3. Pathological fractures which may produce heavy bleeding from the numerous arteries in the bone.
  4. Osteoarthritis due to Paget’s disease around a joint.
  5. Skin temperature may be increased over areas of active disease.
  6. Deafness and ringing in the ears may occur due to compression of a nerve (which supplies the ears) in the brain by a deformed bone. This is a rare complication.
  7. Spinal deformity may occur due to compression of the spine. This is also a rare

 

What Are The Causes Of Paget’s Disease?

The cause of Paget’s disease is unknown, however, genetics and some acquired factors have been noted to often contribute to the development of this disease. Below are some of the causes of this disease:

  1. Lifestyle factors– There’s some evidence that poor diet or a bone injury early in life may act as triggers for the later development of Paget’s in people who also have genetic risk factors.

 

  1. Infections: This disease may be caused by infections. A common cause of this disease is viral Some viral disease has been connected to the development of this disease. Some of them include the respiratory syncytial virus and paramyxoviridae viruses. Measles has also been identified as a cause of this disease.

 

 

  1. Genetics: Some genes have been identified to contribute to the development of Paget’s disease. According to statistics, about fifty percent of all cases of Paget’s disease are due to genetics. The people affected by genetics usually inherited the gene responsible for this disease from their parents. The gene is named the “SQSTM1” gene. The gene encodes for the protein that regulates the action of osteoclastic cells in the body. Osteoclast cells are cells that break down the bone tissues. Meanwhile, another set of patients have a mutation of “RANK”. RANK is a receptor on the osteoclasts, that is responsible for breaking down the bone tissues.

What Are the Risk Factors Of Paget’s Disease?

There are some factors that increase the risk of having Paget’s disease. Some of these factors are;

  1. Gender: According to statistics, it has been noted that men are more affected by the disease, as compared to women.
  2. Age: This disease is more predominant in people above the age of It rarely occurs in young people. Naturally, as people grow, the actions of the osteoclast cells surpasses that of the osteoblast cells. In other words, more bone cells are broken down, than the cells formed.  However, Paget’s disease makes the situation worse.
  3. Race: It has been observed that this disease is more prevalent in Europe, especially in England. In addition, some cases have also been recorded in Scotland and Greece
  4. Family: People who have had a relative or sibling that got affected by this disease have a high chance of having Paget’s disease.

What Are The Complications Of Paget’s Disease?

Paget’s disease is one that progresses gradually. Below are some of the complications that might occur when not well managed;

  1. Bone carcinoma: This occurs in less than one percent of people affected by the disease.
  2. Cardiac failure: Severe Paget’s disease may cause the heart to perform more than it usually does. This is because the heart would have to pump blood to more areas, as new bone tissues are being formed. The heavy workload might lead to heart failure.
  3. Hypercalcemia: It usually only occurs in people who have been confined to bed after an operation or a fracture. Symptoms of hypercalcemia can include:

 

  • extreme tiredness
  • depression
  • Drowsiness
  • constipation
  • new or worsening bone pain
  1. Paraplegia: Weakness of the limbs could occur due to spinal deformity affecting the nerves coming out of the spine.

  Treatment of Paget disease of the Bone

The focus of the treatment of this disease is on reducing and possibly eliminate the pain and discomfort associated with it.

  • Bisphosphonates, Calcitonin drugs are usually administered to reduce bone turnover, improve bone pain and restore normal bone histology.
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol may be effective for pain.
  • Surgery is performed on those that have had fractures, or severe cases of arthritis, and other bone deformities.
  • Orthotic devices, sticks, and walkers may be useful for the disease of the legs if it causes problems with walking.
  • Patients are also advised to consume more of food products that contain elements such as calcium, and Vitamin D.

Stem Cell Therapy Of Paget’s Disease

Stem cells are cells that can proliferate, and also regenerate. They are a special type of cells that can develop into many kinds of cells. Stem cells also have the ability to repair and replace dead tissues. These features make them useful and important in the treatment of Paget’s disease. These stem cells are extracted from the body, then made to undergo some processes. They’re then released back into the body, to correct the deformities, and also regulate the rate of bone remodeling.

References

Colman, A. (2008). Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Human Disease. Cell Stem Cell, 3(3), pp.236-237.

SHIMIZU, M. (2011). Origin of Paget’s cells in Paget’s disease. Skin Cancer, 26(1), pp.21-27.

Wagner, G. and Sachse, M. (2011). Extramammary Paget disease – clinical appearance, pathogenesis, management. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 9(6), pp.448-454.

Wagner, G. and Sachse, M. (2011). Extramammary Paget disease – clinical appearance, pathogenesis, management. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 9(6), pp.448-454.